Thèse Modèles de Fondation et Langage Naturel pour la Collaboration Humain-Robot H/F Doctorat.Gouv.Fr

Établissement : Université de Lorraine École doctorale : IAEM - INFORMATIQUE - AUTOMATIQUE - ELECTRONIQUE - ELECTROTECHNIQUE - MATHEMATIQUES Laboratoire de recherche : LORIA - Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications Direction de la thèse : Serena IVALDI ORCID 0000000153499835 Début de la thèse : 2026-11-02 Date limite de candidature : 2026-10-31T23:59:59 Most work on VLM/LLMs for robotics focused on generating sequences of actions and plans from high level goals, offline, only targeting autonomous robots isolated from humans. A critical limitation to deploy VLM/LLMs for robots collaborating with humans is their ability to be used online, in a human-in-the-loop scenario, to generate suitable motions and 'safe' robot policies.

Here, we use VLM/LLMs to generate a robot's motions online in collaborative scenarios where safety is critical: active exoskeletons and mobile manipulators assisting humans in object manipulation. The human vocally commands the robot interactively, online, to control the generation of its motion at the low level: start, stop, direct, and change its low-level parametrization (e.g., compliant behavior, the velocity, the maximal torque assistance, etc.).
Extension of paradigms and comparison with existing and fine-tuning of VLAs is also considered, as this is part of the ongoing research of the team.

The first objective is to design the robot's controller with the natural language interaction feature in mind: the human's commands, corrections and Approximate Numerical Expressions must be translated into meaningful quantities, coherent with the physics of the problem. What do 'faster', 'a bit higher', 'little to the right', and 'more assistance' mean?

The second objective is to design new multimodal models fusing VLM/LLMs and multimodal pipelines to predict the human's intent and minimize the need for corrections. Natural language instructions may be incomplete or unclear, but cameras and microphones (or other sensors) could provide sufficient contextual information to generate an appropriate motion. For example, 'take that' could be easily translated into 'grasp the bottle', if it is the only item in front of the robot. 'Move a bit to the right' needs clarifications, but also estimation of physical quantities that are context dependent.

The third objective is to detect emergency commands, leveraging both LLMs and audio processing models for nonverbal communication, and generating suitable robot's reactive behaviors. Humans are often unable to speak clearly when they interact with a robot: sometimes, fear takes over and they do not speak at all, or they mumble, or scream, when they could just say a clear 'stop'. Detecting emergency commands is critical to be able to deploy the robots into the real world. For example, 'Watch out', 'Attention!' are difficult to translate into precise motions, and require one-shot evaluations because of the urgent nature of the command.

The PhD student will carry out research in the aforementioned objectives, and will benefit from our collaboration with E. Zibetti (Paris 8, SHS), expert in Approximate Numerical Expressions for Psychology, and D. Sadigh (Stanford University), leading the research in LLMs for robot actions.

Real-world demonstrations with real robots and real humans interacting with the robots are mandatory in this PhD. The HUCEBOT team is dedicated to advancing algorithms for human-centered robots: robots that are not working autonomously in isolation, but that instead react, interact, collaborate, and assist humans. To do so, these robots need to intertwine a multi-contact whole-body controller, a digital simulation of the interacting humans, and machine learning models to predict and respond to human movements and intentions. In a crescendo of complexity, the team tackles scenarios that involve collaboration with cobots, assistance with exoskeletons, and collaboration with humanoid robots. The application domains span from industrial robotics to space teleoperation.

The main robots of the team are the Tiago++ bimanual mobile manipulator, the Unitree G1 humanoid, and the Talos humanoid robot. The team also works with Franka cobots and exoskeletons.

The team currently consists of about 25 members, including permanent researchers, PhD students and post-doctoral students.

Serena Ivaldi, head of HUCEBOT, is holding the chair in Robotics and AI of the Cluster IA ENACT project (https://cluster-ia-enact.ai/) that is funding this PhD thesis. In the chair, she wants to push the research in Natural Language to assist humans in different scenarios of collaboration with robots, where safety is paramount. The ambition is to create a foundation that bridges natural language commands into interpretable commands for the robot, leading to robot actions that are contextualized and intrinsically safe.