Détail du poste
Établissement : Université Paris-Saclay GS Chimie École doctorale : Sciences Chimiques : Molécules, Matériaux, Instrumentation et Biosystèmes Laboratoire de recherche : NIMBE - Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie - DRF/IRAMIS Direction de la thèse : Magali GAUTHIER ORCID 0000000281084597 Début de la thèse : 2026-10-01 Date limite de candidature : 2026-06-30T23:59:59 Le développement de batteries tout solide (SSBs) à haute densité énergétique et à faible coût est essentiel pour l'adoption à grande échelle des technologies de stockage d'énergie de nouvelle génération. Parmi les différents candidats pour la cathode, le LiFePO4 (LFP) et le LiFe1-xMnxPO4 (LFMP) offrent des avantages en termes de sécurité et de coût, mais présentent des tensions de fonctionnement faibles et une cinétique limitée comparées aux oxydes lamellaires riches en nickel tels que le LiNi0.85Mn0.05Co0.1O2 (NMC85). Afin
d'équilibrer densité énergétique, puissance et stabilité, ce projet de thèse vise à développer des cathodes composites combinant LFMP et NMC85 dans des proportions optimisées pour des configurations tout solide utilisant des électrolytes à base de soufre (Li6PS5Cl). Nous examinerons l'influence des méthodes de fabrication - notamment la préparation des électrodes faites à partir d'encres et l'optimisation du couple liant-solvant - sur les performances électrochimiques et structurales obtenues. Des caractérisations approfondies operando et in situ (XRD, Raman et RMN) seront menées afin d'élucider la diffusion du lithium, les mécanismes de transition de phase et le comportement rédox au sein des systèmes composites. La spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique (EIS) et des méthodes de titration permettront de quantifier la cinétique du lithium à différents états de charge. En corrélant les conditions de fabrication, la microstructure et le comportement électrochimique, ce projet vise à identifier les compositions de cathodes et les stratégies de
fabrication optimales pour des SSBs performantes et industrialisables. Au global, le projet vise à fournir une compréhension complète des relations structure-propriété dans les cathodes composites, ouvrant la voie à des batteries tout solide pratiques offrant une sécurité, une stabilité et une rentabilité accrues. The application of LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiFe1-xMnxPO4 (LFMP) cathodes in lithium batteries is one of the practical ways to reduce the overall cost of batteries and their wide acceptance by the public. However, LFP has a quite low working voltage of 3.4 V, and LFMP has an average voltage of 3.8 V vs Li+/Li, and both of them have a theoretical capacity of 170 mAh/g in comparison to the higher capacity LiNi0.85Mn0.05Co0.1O2 (NMC85) cathodes (~200 mAh/g). While LFMP exhibits poor electrode kinetics but superior capacity retention, NMC shows the opposite trend with faster kinetics but lower capacity retention. Also, to obtain a balance between the energy density and cost, a cathode blend between LFMP and NMC85 could be applied in a solid-state battery configuration with sulfide electrolyte materials. It has been reported that blending LFMP with NMC811 improved the electrochemical performance by 22% in liquid electrolyte. However, their application and performance in a solid-state battery are unknown, as they have rarely been explored. Herein, the primary aim of the PhD project is to identify the best ratio for the combination of NMC85 and LFMP cathodes to obtain enhanced performance and cycling stability with the help of in-depth electrochemical characterizations. The structure-electrochemical property relationships will be studied with the help of in situ/operando characterizations (XRD and Raman). To understand the lithium kinetics in the blended cathodes, lithium diffusion coefficients will be studied with EIS and titration techniques at different state-of-charges. Current benchmarks on solid-state batteries available in the literature are using pellet-based cell fabrication steps and, thus, cannot be compared with state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery performance. A slurry-based process or dry electrode manufacturing has to be applied in solid-state electrode manufacturing to assess their performance. Herein, in this doctoral proposal, the PhD candidate will explore different binder-solvent combinations and optimize the slurry coating process of the electrode composites with sulfide ceramic electrolyte. The blended cathode composites will be prepared directly with Li6PS5Cl electrolyte and coated using the doctor-blade technique. In the case of LFMP cathodes, the charge-discharge takes place in two plateau voltage steps; however, there is no conclusion on the mechanism as a biphasic one or via a solid-solution mechanism. The student will examine the electrochemistry-driven structural changes
occurring in the cathodes with respect to the voltage, especially on LFMP, which has a phase change process during charge-discharge, by using operando XRD. Application of in situ NMR in collaboration with LSDRM team at NIMBE will also be explored to understand the local-structure changes in the cathode and the solid electrolyte. Experiments will be planned to study the change in overall redox voltages upon using LFMP in place of LFP and compare their cyclabilities in the solid-state. The difference in the ionic radii of Mn2+ than Fe2+ and the resulting (Mn, Fe)-O bond length will increase the Fe3+/Fe2+ redox voltage; hence, operando XRD, Raman, and in situ NMR could be beneficial for studying this behavior in solid-state for the first time to understand the lithium diffusion kinetics, cycle stability, and failure mechanism when in combination with the NMC85 cathode.
Le profil recherché
Publiée le 27/05/2026 - Réf : b3c0885770b0cd6121c8fcae14c4f22b