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Thèse la Simplification Génétique de la Régulation Cdk-Dépendante du Cycle Cellulaire dans les Cellules de Vertébrés. H/F
Doctorat.Gouv.Fr
- Montpellier - 34
- CDD
- Bac +5
- Service public d'état
Les missions du poste
In Aim 1, we will investigate whether in living mice the cell cycle can be driven by a single CDK1-cyclin B1 fusion protein, either ubiquitously or in the intestinal epithelium.
In Aim 2, we will characterise the effects of acute and specific inhibition of CDK1 on cell proliferation and differentiation in the intestinal epithelium.
In Aim 3 we will determine quantitative requirements for CDK1 activity for triggering DNA replication and mitosis in MEFs.
Aim 1: Effects of switching CDK1 to an as-CDK1-cyclin B1 fusion in vivo.
We have generated mice containing a knock-in of a flipping cassette containing a cDNA encoding a synthetic as-CDK1-cyclin B1 fusion protein to the intron following exon 2 of the endogenous Cdk1 gene. This is present in the inverted configuration, allowing normal splicing and synthesis of the endogenous Cdk1 mRNA. The flipping cassette uses a combination of inwardly oriented Lox66 and Lox71 sites, such that induction of Cre will result in the inversion of the cassette and replacement of endogenous CDK1 with the synthetic fusion construct, which can no longer be recombined. Thus, exon 3 will be replaced by a cDNA encoding exons 3-8 without a Stop codon and including the analogue sensitisation (M32V F80G) mutations, followed by a synthetic flexible linker and the cyclin B1 cDNA, and additionally fused by a self-cleaving peptide to eGFP. The latter will allow visualisation of recombined cells by fluorescence microscopy. The mice will be crossed to two different inducible Cre driver lines: Villin-CreERT2, allowing inducible recombination in adults in the highly proliferative intestinal epithelium, and the ubiquitously expressed Polr2aCreERT2. Switching of the Cdk1 cassette from the endogenous to the synthetic fusion allele will be induced by treating with 4-OH-tamoxifen and its efficiency determined by genotyping, Western blot and fluorescent microscopy (GFP expression). This will allow us to assess whether in adult mice the cell cycle can be driven by a single CDK1-cyclin complex; if so, this will demonstrate that the core cell cycle architecture is conserved from protozoans to vertebrates. By further crossing to available Cdk2lox/lox mice we will assess whether this single complex suffices to drive the entire cell cycle. If the synthetic fusion is incapable of sustaining cell proliferation in vivo, this will allow assessment of the physiological consequences of an acute induction of cell cycle arrest in living animals, which has not, to our knowledge, been previously achieved. We will further test whether 1-Nm-PP1 can be used in vivo for mono-specific inhibition of CDK1 in vivo.
Aim 2: Organoids will be isolated from Cdk1-Ccnb1-FLP; villin-CreERT2 mice and maintained as in our recent study (Prieto et al., 2023). Switching of the Cdk1 cassette from the endogenous to the synthetic fusion allele will be induced by treating with 4-OH-tamoxifen and its efficiency determined by genotyping, Western blot and fluorescent microscopy (GFP expression). The organoids will be cultivated with different concentrations of the 1-Nm-PP1 analogue to achieve mono-specific inhibition of CDK1 to different levels. Organoid growth will be assessed by time-lapse video-microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for the cell proliferation markers PCNA and Ki-67. Differentiation will be analysed by immunohistochemical staining for different markers (Olfm4, Lysozyme, Dclk1, PAS), and qRT-PCR for markers of the 5 different epithelial cell types. These experiments will reveal the effects of specific reduction of CDK1 activity on cell proliferation and differentiation in a complex tissue.
Aim 3: MEFs will be isolated from Cdk1-Ccnb1-FLP; Polr2a-CreERT2 mice. Switching of the Cdk1 cassette from the endogenous to the synthetic fusion allele will be induced by treating with 4-OH-tamoxifen and its efficiency determined by genotyping, Western blot and fluorescent microscopy (GFP expression). The modified MEFs will be grown in different concentrations of 1-Nm-PP1 analogue to achieve mono-specific inhibition of CDK1 to different levels. Cell cycle length will be determined by time-lapse video-microscopy, revealing the relationship between CDK1 activity and cell cycle length. DNA replication will be monitored by pulse-chases with nucleotide analogues BrdU and IdU and flow cytometry of single vs dual labelled populations. If DNA replication rate is altered, we will perform DNA combing to assess replication origin density and fork speed. Titrating 1-Nm-PP1 concentrations and determining mitotic onset by microscopy will reveal the critical threshold of CDK1 activity required for entry into, and progression through, mitosis. Further reducing CDK network complexity will be achieved by electroporating CRISPR-Cas9 protein bound to sgRNA targeting additional genes encoding CDKs or cyclins (Cdk2, cyclin A2 and cyclin B2).
Le profil recherché
Bienvenue chez Doctorat.Gouv.Fr
École doctorale : Sciences Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé
Laboratoire de recherche : IGMM - Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier
Direction de la thèse : Daniel FISHER ORCID 0000000208223482
Début de la thèse : 2026-10-01
Date limite de candidature : 2026-05-11T23:59:59
La division cellulaire est à la base de nombreux processus essentiels pour la santé, et est contrôlée par l'activité des kinases cycline-dépendantes (CDK). La dérégulation du cycle cellulaire est essentielle pour la carcinogénèse, et les inhibiteurs de CDK sont utilisés dans les thérapies anticancéreuses. Ainsi, il est crucial de comprendre les conséquences physiologiques de la modulation de l'activité des CDKs in vivo. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que le cycle cellulaire des vertébrés est gouverné par des seuils d'activité globale des CDKs et ne nécessite pas de CDKs ou de cyclines spécifiques, un modèle cohérent avec les données récentes et suggérant une conservation chez tous les eucaryotes.
Pour explorer cette hypothèse chez les vertébrés, nous avons récemment généré des souris portant un commutateur génétique conditionnel de CDK1, activé par la recombinase Cre, le remplaçant par une protéine de fusion synthétique et chimiquement contrôlable (sensibilisée à un analogue, as)-CDK1-cycline B1. Dans le cadre de ce projet de thèse, nous exploiterons ces souris pour déterminer les effets de la réduction de la complexité génétique du réseau CDK et de l'inhibition chimique uniquement de CDK1. Premièrement, ces souris seront croisées avec des souris exprimant une Cre inductible dans l'épithélium intestinal, ou de manière ubiquitaire. Cela nous permettra d'évaluer si, chez les souris adultes, le cycle cellulaire peut être piloté par un seul complexe CDK1-cycline; si c'est le cas, cela démontrera que l'architecture centrale du cycle cellulaire est conservée des protozoaires aux vertébrés. Dans le cas contraire, cette information sera tout aussi importante.
Deuxièmement, nous étudierons comment l'inhibition aiguë de CDK1 dans l'épithélium intestinal affecte la prolifération et la différenciation cellulaire. Pour ce faire, nous générerons des organoïdes intestinaux à partir de ces souris et réaliserons des expériences in vitro en utilisant un analogue spécifique pour inhiber uniquement CDK1, afin d'évaluer la croissance et la différenciation des organoïdes. Enfin, nous isolerons des fibroblastes embryonnaires murins (MEF) pour mener des expériences sur le cycle cellulaire in vitro. Ainsi, nous déterminerons le seuil d'activité de CDK1 nécessaire à la mitose dans les cellules de vertébrés, et établirons comment la simplification du contrôle par les CDK affecte les autres phases du cycle cellulaire.
Ensemble, ces résultats amélioreront la compréhension du cycle cellulaire des vertébrés et des conséquences physiologiques de l'inhibition très spécifique de l'activité de CDK1, ce qui devrait avoir un impact sur les thérapies anticancéreuses utilisant des inhibiteurs de CDK.
Activated oncogenes are often present in normal tissues, and only drive tumourigenesis in specific contexts. In mouse models, strong oncogenes only transform the cell type with the shortest cell cycle (Chen et al., 2025). Furthermore, lengthening the cell cycle by genetic manipulation of the CDK control network suffices to abrogate tumourigenesis even though other cancer hallmarks are maintained. As such, specific reduction of activity of CDKs that control the cell cycle may be beneficial for cancer patients. However, complete inhibition cannot be achieved without toxicity because highly proliferating tissues such as the intestinal epithelium require cell division. Furthermore, most CDK inhibitors are not sufficiently specific. Thus, to date, the effects of specifically reducing activity of cell cycle CDK in vivo remain unknown.
While the mammalian genome encodes 20 CDKs and 29 cyclins (1), our early work in the fission yeast S. pombe suggested that the cell cycle can be driven by oscillations in the activity of a single CDK1-cyclin B complex alone (2, 3). This quantitative model was later proven using chemical genetics, where fission yeast cells functioning on an engineered monomolecular CDK-cyclin fusion complex were viable, even in the absence of all other CDK and cyclin genes and much of the regulatory phosphorylation network (4). Furthermore, in vivo activity of this module could be externally controlled using chemical genetics. This works due to a mutation in the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase (rendering it analogue-sensitive: as-CDK) allowing for mono-specific, dose-dependent and reversible chemical inhibition with bulky ATP analogues such as 1-Nm-PP1. Thus, the cell cycle could be directed at will by chemical control of a single CDK activity.
Similar principles are likely to apply to mammals. Multiple CDK gene knockouts in mice showed that CDK1 is the only CDK essential for the core cell cycle (5), and mammalian cyclins are similarly redundant (6-9). We thus propose that the proliferation of mammalian cells may rely on quantitative oscillations of overall CDK activity, while the additional complexity of the CDK network might increase coupling between the cell cycle and developmental programmes. As an example, specifically manipulating CDK1 activity levels in mouse embryonic stem cells using as-CDK1 combined with the 1-Nm-PP1 inhibitor showed that CDK1 couples pluripotency to cell cycle regulation (10). However, although homozygous as-CDK1 ES cells proliferated normally and heterozygous mice were viable, homozygous mutant mice could not be produced, suggesting that the precise regulation of CDK1 activity is critical for development but precluding further physiological analysis of why this is the case. We have overcome these obstacles by implementing a novel genetic switch in mice, based on FLEx2 technology (11, 12), to inducibly and conditionally replace CDK1 in adult mice with an as-CDK1(M32V F80G)-cyclin B1 fusion protein.
Publiée le 09/04/2026 - Réf : 64b9bef715ae7050673f1c619f1d2fd6
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Thèse la Simplification Génétique de la Régulation Cdk-Dépendante du Cycle Cellulaire dans les Cellules de Vertébrés. H/F
- Montpellier - 34
- CDD
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